国土资源部关于印发《全国土地变更调查工作规则(试行)》的通知

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国土资源部关于印发《全国土地变更调查工作规则(试行)》的通知

国土资源部


国土资源部关于印发《全国土地变更调查工作规则(试行)》的通知

国土资发〔2011〕180号


各省、自治区、直辖市国土资源主管部门,新疆生产建设兵团国土资源局,解放军土地管理局,部有关直属单位,各派驻地方的国家土地督察局,部机关各司局:

  《全国土地变更调查工作规则(试行)》经国土资源部部长办公会议审议通过,现予以印发,请遵照执行。

  二〇一一年十一月三日


全国土地变更调查工作规则
(试行)
第一章 总 则
一、为规范全国土地变更调查工作,保障工作的顺利开展,不断提升土地变更调查工作水平,根据《土地调查条例》和《土地调查条例实施办法》,制定本规则。
二、本规则中的土地变更调查工作是对自然年度内的全国土地利用现状、权属变化,以及各类用地管理信息,进行调查、监测、核查、汇总、统计和分析等活动。
三、开展全国土地变更调查工作的目的是,掌握全国年度土地利用现状变化情况,保持全国土地调查数据和国土资源综合监管平台基础信息的准确性和现势性,以满足国土资源管理和经济社会发展的需要。
四、土地变更调查是重要的国情国力调查。经依法公布的土地变更调查成果,是实施国土资源规划、管理、保护与合理利用的依据,是编制国民经济和社会发展规划、有关专项规划的基础。
五、全国土地变更调查工作应充分运用国土资源遥感监测全国“一张图”和土地“批、供、用、补、查”用地管理及矿产资源勘查开发监管等综合信息监管平台的日常实时监管信息,努力强化常态化变更监管,减少年度变更调查工作量,节约工作成本,提高工作效率。
六、全国土地变更调查工作,按照国土资源部统一组织、统筹安排、一查多用、分级实施,各级国土资源相关业务部门分工协作、多方参与、各司其职、共同负责的原则组织开展。
七、国土资源部地籍管理司牵头组织,中国土地勘测规划院具体实施,各相关司局和单位共同参与全国土地变更调查工作,以部专题会议方式,协调、解决工作中的重大问题,监督检查工作计划的执行情况。
八、全国土地变更调查工作应在各地日常变更工作的基础上,每年集中开展一次,统一时点是当年12月31日。
九、年度全国土地变更调查工作所需经费,由县级以上国土资源主管部门,依据《土地调查条例》相关规定,商同级财政部门协调解决。
第二章 工作内容
十、全国土地变更调查工作应在上年度国土资源遥感监测全国“一张图”的基础上,各级国土资源主管部门将日常管理形成的“批、供、用、补、查”用地管理及矿产资源勘查开发监管等信息,实时叠加到“一张图”上,逐步实现实时变更。各地要及时利用年度土地变更调查结果,更新下一年度国土资源遥感监测全国“一张图”,并保持综合信息监管平台相关信息更新的连续性与现势性。
十一、在遥感数据需求统筹的基础上,采购当年覆盖全国的最新遥感影像数据,加工制作遥感正射影像图,内业提取当年新增建设用地图斑,开展遥感监测工作,辅助开展变更调查。同时提供给相关矿政业务部门,利用遥感影像对矿产地储备范围进行监督管理。
十二、以县(市、区)为单位,全面开展土地利用现状变化调查,查清年度内各类土地的实际变化情况,重点查清建设用地、耕地的年度变化情况。
十三、以县(市、区)为单位,开展用地管理信息调查,查清年度内各类新增建设用地的审批情况、用地合法性情况、“批而未用”土地情况、基本农田保护情况、土地整理复垦开发补充耕地情况等日常用地管理信息。
十四、依据年度变更调查结果和日常变更结果,按照数据库建设的国家标准和规范,实时更新土地调查数据库。每一年度,年底按统一时点要求,全面更新各级土地调查数据库。
十五、依据调查结果,开展土地变更调查结果数据的分析工作,对年度土地利用现状变化情况及耕地保护、基本农田保护、土地利用计划安排使用、土地节约集约利用、违法用地与土地督察等情况进行分析,并提出对策与建议,编写分析报告。
第三章 工作程序
十六、制定工作方案。由部地籍管理司牵头,部相关司局共同参加,根据土地变更调查工作安排,结合国土资源管理相关业务需求,研究制定年度全国土地变更调查总体方案,经批准后实施。
中国土地勘测规划院依据总体方案,编制年度土地变更调查实施方案,经专家论证并报部批准后实施。各省级国土资源主管部门结合实际情况,按照国家统一方案和要求,编制本地区实施方案。
十七、全面部署工作。部地籍管理司依据总体方案,并根据年度国土资源管理的具体需求,组织起草开展全国土地变更调查工作的通知,经部审定后,在全国范围内部署开展变更调查工作。
十八、开展遥感监测工作。中国土地勘测规划院负责按照土地利用动态遥感监测技术规程,组织开展全国土地利用遥感监测工作,遥感监测生产成果供各地开展土地变更调查、用地管理信息调查及矿产资源勘查开发监管使用。
遥感数据供应商和遥感监测任务承担单位,应通过政府采购方式确定。
十九、开展年度土地变更调查工作。各级国土资源主管部门应加强统筹,将土地审批、土地供应、土地节约集约利用、耕地占补平衡、执法检查、矿产资源勘查开发监管等各类日常管理信息,实时登录并更新至综合信息监管平台。充分利用综合信息监管平台的各类用地管理信息和矿产资源的日常监管信息,与遥感监测成果进行比对,按照职责与分工,组织开展年度土地利用现状变化调查和用地管理信息调查。
地籍业务部门负责组织对本辖区范围内当期每一变化地块进行实地调查核实,依据《土地利用现状分类》(GB/T 21010-2007)及国家土地变更调查技术规范和要求,查清土地利用实际变化情况,并如实记录。
在地籍业务部门提供的土地利用变化结果的基础上,各相关司局和单位依据建设用地审批、土地整理复垦开发等补充耕地范围、基本农田占用与补划情况等日常管理资料和信息,负责组织落实并标注相关用地管理信息。
二十、开展数据库更新、汇总工作。省级地籍业务部门负责组织市县级地籍业务部门,按照国家统一的土地调查数据库更新技术标准与规范,在日常数据库更新的基础上,依据日常实时监管信息和土地利用实际变化情况,每一年度,年底全面更新县级土地调查数据库,并逐级汇总土地变更调查成果。
省级国土资源主管部门应组织对本省级的土地变更调查成果进行核查确认,对县级土地调查数据库质量进行检查,按时将通过省级核查检查的土地调查成果报送国土资源部。
二十一、开展调查成果质量检查与核查。部地籍管理司牵头,中国土地勘测规划院具体负责,通过政府采购方式,组织专业队伍,按照数据库标准和要求,对各省级国土资源主管部门报送的县级土地变更调查数据库进行质量检查;对照遥感影像及监测成果等资料,开展变更调查成果的地类一致性核查。其中,对建设用地变化情况开展全面的内业地类一致性核查,对非建设用地流量变化异常地区,开展重点地类流向的内业地类一致性核查。检查核查结果应及时反馈各省级国土资源主管部门。
二十二、开展用地管理信息的国家级审查。部地籍管理司组织中国土地勘测规划院,同步将各省级国土资源主管部门报送的土地变更调查成果提交部信息中心。部信息中心负责将变更调查成果纳入部综合信息监管平台,通过综合信息监管平台实现土地利用变化与用地管理信息及矿产资源勘查开发监管信息的叠加分析,并提供部相关司局和单位使用。部相关司局和单位根据工作职责,分别组织变更调查成果中用地管理信息及矿产资源勘查开发监管信息的审查核实工作,并形成审核结果,按年度变更调查方案要求的时限,分别及时反馈省级国土资源主管部门。
二十三、完善土地变更调查成果。各省级国土资源主管部门统一组织各县(市、区),根据部反馈的地类一致性核查结果、数据库检查结果及用地管理信息审查结果和矿产资源日常监管情况,在规定期限内,按各自职责分工,逐一对比核实,修改完善变更调查成果,经省级国土资源主管部门审查汇总后报送国土资源部。
二十四、实地核实与重点抽查。部组织对各省级修改完善后的土地变更调查成果进行再次核查。根据核查结果,结合重点地类的流向、流量特点,确定重点地区、重点地类,由部统一组织,采取行政和技术力量相结合的方式,开展外业实地核实及重点抽查并通报检查抽查结果。
二十五、更新国家级土地调查数据库。中国土地勘测规划院按照数据库更新的规范和标准,负责检查省级国土资源主管部门报送的变更调查成果。通过国家级质量检查和成果核查审查的,纳入并更新国家级土地调查数据库。
二十六、变更调查结果汇总。在更新后的国家级土地调查数据库基础上,按照土地变更调查数据汇总的有关规范和要求,部地籍管理司组织中国土地勘测规划院,汇总形成年度全国土地变更调查数据成果。
二十七、开展数据分析,编写分析报告。在汇总结果的基础上,地方各级国土资源主管部门按照国家统一要求,结合各地具体情况,开展本级土地变更调查成果数据的分析工作,编写分析报告并逐级报送上一级国土资源主管部门。
部地籍管理司会同相关司局和单位,起草全国“年度土地利用变化情况分析报告”,经部审查后报国务院批准。
第四章 质量控制与成果管理
二十八、建立土地变更调查培训制度。各级国土资源主管部门应根据土地变更调查工作需要,加强对参与变更调查的技术及管理人员业务技能和管理知识的培训工作,提高人员业务素质。
二十九、设立专家库。全国土地变更调查工作设立专家库,根据需求从专家库中选择或抽取专家,成立专家组,负责解决调查中遇到的重大政策和技术问题,对调查方案论证及有关技术咨询、指导。
三十、实行质量检查与监理制度。土地变更调查质量检查与监理制度应遵循公开公正原则,实行量化考核。对不能满足检查与监理要求又不及时整改的作业队伍,应给予通报批评并按照相关规定处理。监理工作应遵循回避制度,作业单位技术人员不能监理本地区、本单位成果。监理检查结果应客观公正,并在第一时间内向各作业单位公布。
三十一、实行成果质量分级控制制度。对县级调查成果实行自检、复查、核查确认的质量分级控制制度。县级国土资源主管部门负责自检,市(地)级国土资源主管部门负责复查,省级国土资源主管部门负责核查,并报经省级人民政府确认。部负责对全国土地调查成果进行核查。
三十二、实行奖惩制度。对调查成果质量较高,以及在土地调查工作中做出突出贡献的单位和个人,部将适时按照国家有关规定给予表彰或者奖励。
对违法干预调查工作、虚报瞒报变更调查数据的,按《土地调查条例》规定的罚则处罚。对未按时报送或拒不报送土地变更调查成果的,进行相应处罚或处分。
三十三、调查成果管理及保密。土地变更调查成果应按照国家档案及保密管理的有关要求,统一管理,及时存档。国家级土地变更调查成果存放在中国土地勘测规划院,并做异地备份,成果确认公布前,需要使用的,须向国土资源部提出书面申请。经同意后,部地籍管理司以书面方式,通知中国土地勘测规划院提供国家级土地变更调查成果,并按有关规定签署成果资料保密协议书。
保管和使用全国土地变更调查成果资料的单位,必须根据国家保密管理的有关规定,建立数据管理的保密制度。
三十四、调查成果应用。全国土地变更调查成果经确认公布后,由中国土地勘测规划院及时提交部信息中心,纳入国土资源“一张图”,通过综合信息监管平台,服务于国土资源日常管理工作及对外提供使用。
省、市、县各级国土资源主管部门可参照国家成果应用模式,实现国土资源管理各项工作在国土资源“一张图”和综合信息监管平台上实时开展。
三十五、调查成果公布。全国土地变更调查成果,报国务院批准后公布。全国土地变更调查成果公布后,县级以上地方人民政府方可逐级依次公布本行政区域的土地变更调查成果。
第五章 附 则
三十六、本规则由国土资源部负责解释。各省级国土资源主管部门可参照本规则,制定本省(区、市)实施细则,并报国土资源部备案。
三十七、本规则自公布之日起试行。

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兰州市全民义务植树暂行办法

甘肃省人大常委会


兰州市全民义务植树暂行办法
甘肃省人大常委会


(1988年12月17日兰州市第十届人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议原则通过 1989年1月20日甘肃省第七届人民代表大会常务委员会第六次会议批准)


第一条 为了深入持久地开展全民义务植树运动,根据全国人大《关于开展全民义务植树运动的决议》,结合本市的实际,制定本办法。
第二条 全市的义务植树,在市、县(区)绿化委员会的统一领导下,由林业、园林主管部门、乡镇人民政府、街道办事处组织实施。
部队、机关、团体、学校、企事业单位和村民委员会组织本单位、本村的义务植树。
第三条 凡居住在我市男十八至六十岁、女十八至五十五岁的公民,除丧失劳动能力者外,每人每年义务植树五棵,或完成相应劳动量的绿化任务。
对十一至十七岁的青少年应当根据他们的实际情况就近安排植树或参加力所能及的绿化劳动。
第四条 每年4月份的第一周为全市集中义务植树时间。
第五条 义务植树投入的劳动,限于营造国有林,集体(单位)林和城镇园林绿地。
第六条 城区义务植树的重点是南北两山的绿化和园林绿地建设。
各单位应当承包南北两山的绿化任务,建立单位的义务植树基地。确实无力承包的单位,在市、区林业、园林主管部门划定的地段义务植树,或承担其他绿化、管护任务。
第七条 郊区城镇和地处效区位的义务植树,除搞好本地区、本单位的园林绿地建设外,也应当建立义务植树基地。
第八条 农村以乡(镇)、村、社为单位建立义务植树基地,或者组织村民到国营、集体林场(站)义务植树,也可以参加国家重点绿化工程建设和小流域治理等与绿化有关的义务劳动。
第九条 个体劳动者和城镇居民,分别由工商行政管理部门和街道办事处统一组织,在林业、园林主管部门划定的地段义务植树。
第十条 由于特殊原因不能参加义务植树劳动的,经县、区绿化委员会批准,可以按城镇公民每棵2至5元,农村公民每棵1至3元缴纳义务植树费。
义务植树费由县、区绿化委员会负责收缴,用于义务植树。
第十一条 使用义务劳动,在国营土地上栽植的树木,林权归经营管理单位所有;在承包荒山荒地上栽植的树木,归承包单位所有;在集体土地上栽植的树木,归集体所有。如果情况特殊,另有协议或合同,按协议或合同的规定办理。对林权所有者,由县、区人民政府发给林权证书。


单位在荒山荒地上建立的义务植树基地,由县、区人民政府发给土地使用证,受法律保护。
第十二条 义务植树所需苗木,由林权所有单位负责供给。
第十三条 义务栽植的树木,由林权所有单位负责管护。
第十四条 市、县(区)绿化委员会必须制定义务植树规划,报同级人民政府批准实施。
第十五条 单位和个人在义务植树工作中成绩显著,或制止、检举揭发损坏树木、花草的行为有功的,由市、县(区)人民政府或绿化委员会给予表彰或奖励。
第十六条 对无故不完成义务植树任务的单位,由所在县、区林业、园林主管部门责令限期完成;逾期不完成的,由县、区绿化委员会按照本办法第十一条的规定加收一至三倍的义务植树费,并追究领导和当事人的责任。
第十七条 年满十八岁的公民无故不完成义务植树任务的,由街道办事处、乡镇人民政府、村民委员会责令限期完成;逾期仍不完成的,由县、区绿化委员会按照本办法第十一条的规定加收一至三倍的义务植树费。
第十八条 单位或个人对绿化委员会的处理决定不服的,在接到处理决定之日起十天内,可以向上一级绿化委员会提出复议。
对复议决定仍不服的,在接到复议决定之日起十五天内,可以向人民法院起诉;逾期不起诉又不执行的,由县、区绿化委员会申请人民法院强制执行。
第十九条 本办法由兰州市人民政府负责解释。
第二十条 本办法自公布之日起施行。



1989年1月20日

中华人民共和国邮政法(附英文)

全国人民代表大会


中华人民共和国主席令(六届第47号)

《中华人民共和国邮政法》已由中华人民共和国第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议于1986年12月2日通过,现予公布,自1987年1月1日起施行。

中华人民共和国主席 李先念
1986年12月2日


中华人民共和国邮政法

(1986年12月2日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议通过 1986年12月2日中华人民共和国主席令第四十七号公布 自1987年1月1日起施行)

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了保护通信自由和通信秘密,保障邮政工作的正常进行,促进邮政事业的发展,以适应社会主义建设和人民生活的需要,根据《中华人民共和国宪法》,制定本法。
第二条 国务院邮政主管部门管理全国邮政工作。
国务院邮政主管部门根据需要设立地区邮政管理机构,管理各该地区的邮政工作。
第三条 国务院邮政主管部门所属的邮政企业是全民所有制的经营邮政业务的公用企业。
邮政企业按照国务院邮政主管部门的规定设立经营邮政业务的分支机构。
第四条 通信自由和通信秘密受法律保护。除因国家安全或者追查刑事犯罪的需要,由公安机关、国家安全机关或者检察机关依照法律规定的程序对通信进行检查外,任何组织或者个人不得以任何理由侵犯他人的通信自由和通信秘密。
第五条 用户交寄的邮件、交汇的汇款和储蓄的存款受法律保护。除法律另有规定外,任何组织或者个人不得检查、扣留。
第六条 邮政企业应当为用户提供迅速、准确、安全、方便的邮政服务。
除法律另有规定外,邮政企业和邮政工作人员不得向任何组织或者个人提供用户使用邮政业务的情况。
第七条 邮件和汇款在未投交收件人、收款人之前,所有权属于寄件人或者汇款人。
第八条 信件和其他具有信件性质的物品的寄递业务由邮政企业专营,但是国务院另有规定的除外。
邮政企业根据需要可以委托其他单位或者个人代办邮政企业专营的业务。代办人员办理邮政业务时,适用本法关于邮政工作人员的规定。
第九条 任何单位或者个人不得伪造或者冒用邮政专用标志、邮政标志服和邮政专用品。
第二章 邮政企业的设置和邮政设施
第十条 邮政企业及其分支机构的设置标准,由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第十一条 邮政企业应当在方便群众的地方设置分支机构、邮亭、报刊亭、邮筒等设施,或者进行流动服务。
城市居民楼应当设置住户接收邮件的信报箱。
在较大的车站、机场、港口和宾馆内,应当设有办理邮政业务的场所。
第三章 邮政业务的种类和资费
第十二条 邮政企业经营下列业务:
(一)国内和国际邮件寄递;
(二)国内报刊发行;
(三)邮政储蓄、邮政汇兑;
(四)国务院邮政主管部门规定的适合邮政企业经营的其他业务。
第十三条 邮政企业及其分支机构不得擅自停办国务院邮政主管部门和地区邮政管理机构规定的必须办理的邮政业务。
因不可抗力或者特殊原因,邮政企业及其分支机构需要暂时停止或者限制办理部分邮政业务,必须经国务院邮政主管部门或者地区邮政管理机构批准。
第十四条 邮政企业应当加强报刊发行工作。出版单位委托邮政企业发行报刊,应当与邮政企业订立发行合同。
第十五条 邮政业务的基本资费,由国务院物价主管部门制定,报国务院批准。非基本资费由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第十六条 各类邮件资费的交付,以邮资凭证或者证明邮资已付的戳记表示。
第十七条 邮票、邮资信封、邮资明信片、邮资邮简等邮资凭证由国务院邮政主管部门发行,任何单位或者个人不得伪造。
仿印邮票图案的管理办法,由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第十八条 售出的邮资凭证不得向邮政企业及其分支机构兑换现金。
停止使用的邮资凭证,由国务院邮政主管部门在停止使用前一个月公告并停止出售,持有人可以自公告之日起六个月内向邮政企业及其分支机构换取有效的邮资凭证。
第十九条 下列邮资凭证不得使用:
(一)经国务院邮政主管部门公告已经停止使用的;
(二)盖销或者划销的;
(三)污染、残缺或者褪色、变色,难以辨认的;
(四)从邮资信封、邮资明信片、邮资邮简上剪下的邮票图案。
第四章 邮件的寄递
第二十条 用户交寄邮件,必须遵守国务院有关主管部门关于禁止寄递物品、限量寄递物品的规定。
第二十一条 用户交寄除信件以外的其他邮件,应当交邮政企业或者其分支机构当面验视内件。拒绝验视的,不予收寄。
用户交寄的信件必须符合准寄内容的规定,必要时邮政企业及其分支机构有权要求用户取出进行验视。
第二十二条 邮政企业及其分支机构应当按照国务院邮政主管部门规定的时限投交邮件。
第二十三条 无法投递的邮件,应当退回寄件人。
无法投递又无法退回的信件,在国务院邮政主管部门规定的期限内无人认领的,由地区邮政管理机构负责销毁。
无法投递又无法退回的进口国际邮递物品,在国务院邮政主管部门规定的期限内无人认领的,由海关依法处理。
无法投递又无法退回的其他邮件的处理办法,由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第二十四条 邮政汇款的收款人应当自收到汇款通知之日起两个月内凭有效证明到邮政企业或者其分支机构兑领汇款;逾期未领的汇款,由邮政企业或者其分支机构退回汇款人。自退汇通知投交汇款人之日起满十个月未被领回的汇款,上缴国库。
第二十五条 寄递邮件逐步实行邮政编码,具体办法由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第五章 邮件的运输、验关和检疫
第二十六条 铁路、公路、水运、航空等运输单位均负有载运邮件的责任,保证邮件优先运出,并在运费上予以优惠。
第二十七条 邮政企业在车站、机场、港口转运邮件,有关运输单位应当统一安排装卸邮件的场所和出入通道。
第二十八条 带有邮政专用标志的邮政车船和邮政工作人员进出港口、通过渡口时,应当优先放行。带有邮政专用标志的邮政车辆需要通过禁行路线或者在禁止停车地段停车的,由有关主管部门核准通行、停车。
第二十九条 邮件通过海上运输时,不参与分摊共同海损。
第三十条 国际邮递物品未经海关查验放行,邮政企业不得寄递。国际邮袋出入境、开拆和封发,应当由海关监管。邮政企业应当将作业时间事先通知海关,海关应当按时派员到场监管查验。
第三十一条 依法应当施行卫生检疫或者动植物检疫的邮件,由检疫部门负责拣出并进行检疫;未经检疫部门许可,邮政企业不得运递。
第六章 损失赔偿
第三十二条 用户对交寄的给据邮件和交汇的汇款,可以在交寄或者交汇之日起一年内,持据向收寄、收汇的邮政企业或者其分支机构查询。邮政企业及其分支机构应当在国务院邮政主管部门规定的期限内将查询结果通知查询人。
查复期满无结果的,邮政企业应当先予赔偿或者采取补救措施。自赔偿之日起一年内,查明有本法第三十四条第(二)项和第(三)项情形之一的,邮政企业有权收回赔偿。
第三十三条 邮政企业对于给据邮件丢失、损毁、内件短少,依照下列规定赔偿或者采取补救措施:
(一)挂号信件,按照国务院邮政主管部门规定的金额赔偿。
(二)保价邮件,丢失或者全部损毁的,按照保价额赔偿;内件短少或者部分损毁的,按照保价额同邮件全部价值的比例对邮件实际损失予以赔偿。
(三)非保价邮包,按照邮包实际损失价值赔偿,但是最高不超过国务院邮政主管部门规定的限额。
(四)其他给据邮件,按照国务院邮政主管部门规定的办法赔偿或者采取补救措施。
第三十四条 有下列情形之一的,邮政企业不负赔偿责任:
(一)平常邮件的损失;
(二)由于用户的责任或者所寄物品本身的原因造成给据邮件损失的;
(三)除汇款和保价邮件以外的其他给据邮件由于不可抗力的原因造成损失的;
(四)用户自交寄给据邮件或者交汇汇款之日起满一年未查询又未提出赔偿要求的。
第三十五条 用户因损失赔偿同邮政企业发生争议的,可以要求邮政企业的上级主管部门处理,对处理不服的可以向人民法院起诉;也可以直接向人民法院起诉。
第七章 罚 则
第三十六条 隐匿、毁弃或者非法开拆他人信件,侵犯公民通信自由权利,情节严重的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百四十九条的规定追究刑事责任;尚不够刑事处罚的,依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》第二十二条的规定处罚。
第三十七条 邮政工作人员私自开拆或者隐匿、毁弃邮件的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百九十一条第一款的规定追究刑事责任。
犯前款罪而窃取财物的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百九十一条第二款的规定,按贪污罪从重处罚。
第三十八条 故意损毁邮筒等邮政公用设施,尚不够刑事处罚的,依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》第二十五条的规定处罚;情节严重的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百五十六条的规定追究刑事责任。
第三十九条 邮政工作人员拒不办理依法应当办理的邮政业务的,故意延误投递邮件的,给予行政处分。邮政工作人员玩忽职守,致使公共财产、国家和人民利益遭受重大损失的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百八十七条的规定追究刑事责任。
第四十条 违反本法第八条规定,经营信件和其他具有信件性质的物品的寄递业务的,由工商行政管理部门责令其将收寄的信件和其他具有信件性质的物品及收取的资费退还寄件人,处以罚款。
当事人对处罚决定不服的,可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉;逾期不起诉又不履行的,由工商行政管理部门申请人民法院强制执行。
第八章 附 则
第四十一条 本法下列用语的含义是:
(一)邮件:指通过邮政企业寄递的信件、印刷品、邮包、汇款通知、报刊等。
(二)信件:指信函和明信片。
(三)平常邮件:指邮政企业及其分支机构在收寄时不出具收据,投递时不要求收件人签收的邮件。
(四)给据邮件:指挂号信件、邮包、保价邮件等由邮政企业及其分支机构在收寄时出具收据,投递时要求收件人签收的邮件。
(五)国际邮递物品:指中华人民共和国与其他国家和地区的用户相互寄递的印刷品和邮包。
(六)邮政专用品:指邮政日戳、邮政夹钳和邮袋。
第四十二条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的有关国际邮政事务的国际条约同本法有不同规定的,适用该国际条约的规定。但是,中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。
第四十三条 国务院邮政主管部门根据本法制定实施细则,报国务院批准施行。
第四十四条 本法自1987年1月1日起施行。






POSTAL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
POSTAL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the 18th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 47 of the
President of the People's Republic of China on December 2, 1986, and
effective as of January 1, 1987)

Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Establishment of Postal Enterprises and Postal Facilities
Chapter III Classification of Postal Businesses and Postal Rates
Chapter IV Posting and Delivery of Postal Materials
Chapter V Transportation, Customs Examination and Quarantine
Inspection of Postal Materials
Chapter VI Compensation for Losses
Chapter VII Penalty Provisions
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the People's
Republic of China, with a view to protecting freedom and privacy of
correspondence, ensuring normal progress of postal work, and promoting
development of postal services, so as to suit the needs of socialist
construction and the livelihood of the people.
Article 2
The competent department of postal services under the State Council shall
administer postal services throughout the country.
The competent department of postal services under the State Council shall
set up regional administrative organs of postal services as required to
administer postal services of each region.
Article 3
The postal enterprises attached to the competent department of postal
services under the State Council are public enterprises, owned by the
whole people, that operate postal businesses.
According to stipulations of the competent department of postal services
under the State Council, postal enterprises shall establish branch offices
that operate postal businesses
Article 4
Freedom and privacy of correspondence shall be protected by law. No
organization or individual shall infringe upon the freedom and privacy of
correspondence of other persons for any reason, except when the inspection
of correspondence in accordance with legal procedures by the public
security organ, the state security organ or the procuratorial organ is
necessary for the state's safety or the investigation of criminal offence.
Article 5
Postal materials handed in or posted, remittances made and savings
deposited by users shall be protected by law, and shall not be inspected
and withheld by any organization or individual except as otherwise
provided by law.
Article 6
Postal enterprises shall provide users with fast, accurate, safe and
convenient postal services.
Postal enterprises and postal staff shall not provide information to any
organization or individual about users' dealings with postal services
except as otherwise provided for by law.
Article 7
Postal materials and remittances shall be owned by senders and remitters
before they are delivered to recipients and remittees.
Article 8
Posting and delivery services of mail and other articles with
characteristics of mail shall be exclusively operated by postal
enterprises, except as otherwise provided by the State Council.
Postal enterprises may, according to needs, entrust other units or
individuals as agents to run businesses exclusively operated by postal
enterprises. The provisions on postal personnel specified in this Law
shall apply to agents when they handle postal businesses.
Article 9
No unit or individual shall produce false copies or make fraudulent use of
special postal marks, postal uniforms and special postal articles.

Chapter II Establishment of Postal Enterprises and Postal Faci- lities
Article 10
Standards for establishment of postal enterprises and their branch offices
shall be formulated by the competent department of postal services under
the State Council.
Article 11
Postal enterprises shall establish branch offices, postal kiosks,
newspaper and periodical stands, mailboxes, etc., in places convenient to
the masses, or provide mobile services. Residents' mailboxes for receiving
letters and newspapers shall be installed in residential buildings in
cities.
Places shall be provided for handling postal business in larger railway
stations, airports, ports and guest houses.

Chapter III Classification of Postal Businesses and Postal Rates
Article 12
Postal enterprises operate the following businesses:
(1) posting and delivery of domestic and international postal materials;
(2) distributing domestic newspapers and periodicals;
(3) postal savings and postal remittances; and
(4) other suitable businesses stipulated by the competent department of
postal services under the State Council.
Article 13
Postal enterprises and their branch offices shall not arbitrarily close
down postal businesses that must be handled according to the stipulations
made by the competent department of postal services under the State
Council and the regional administrative organ of postal services.
Owing to force majeure or special reasons, if postal enterprises and their
branch offices need to close down temporarily or restrict the handling of
some postal businesses, they must obtain approval of the competent
department of postal services under the State Council or of regional
postal administrative organs.
Article 14
Postal enterprises shall strengthen distribution work of newspapers and
periodicals. If publishing units entrust postal enterprises with
distribution of newspapers and periodicals, they must make distribution
contracts with postal enterprises.
Article 15
The basic postal rates of postal services shall be set by the competent
department in charge of pricing under the State Council and shall be
reported to the State Council for approval. Non-basic postal rates shall
be formulated by the competent department of postal services under the
State Council.
Article 16
The payment of postage on various postal materials shall be indicated by
postage certificates or by postmarks showing postage paid.
Article 17
Postage stamps, stamped envelopes, stamped postcards, stamped aerogrammes
and other postage certificates shall be issued by the competent department
of postal services under the State Council, and no unit or individual
shall be allowed to produce false copies. The administrative measures on
making facsimiles of stamp patterns shall be formulated by the competent
department of postal services under the State Council.
Article 18
Postage certificates sold shall not be cashed in postal enterprises or
their branch offices. Postage certificates to be withdrawn from
circulation shall be announced to the public, and sales will be stopped
one month in advance by the competent department of postal services under
the State Council. Holders of such postage certificates may exchange them
for valid postage certificates at postal enterprises and their branch
offices within six months from the date of the announcement.
Article 19
The following postage certificates shall not be used:
(1) those which the competent department of postal services under the
State Council has announced as withdrawn from usage;
(2) those that have been postmarked or cancelled;
(3) those that are contaminated, incomplete or illegible due to fading or
discolouring; and
(4) stamp patterns cut from stamped envelopes, stamped postcards and
stamped aerogrammes.

Chapter IV Posting and Delivery of Postal Materials
Article 20
In handing in or posting postal materials, users must abide by the
provisions formulated by the relevant competent department under the State
Council on articles forbidden to post or deliver and articles to be posted
or delivered in limited amounts.
Article 21
The contents of postal materials, other than letters, to be handed in or
posted by users, shall be checked on the spot by postal enterprises or
branch offices, and if such examination is refused, the postal material
shall not be accepted and posted. Mail handed in or posted by users must
be in line with the stipulations concerning the content allowed to be
posted; postal enterprises and their branch offices have the right to
request users to take out the contents for examination, when necessary.
Article 22
Postal enterprises and their branch offices shall deliver postal materials
within the time limits laid down by the competent department of postal
services under the State Council.
Article 23
Undeliverable postal materials shall be returned to the senders.
Mail that is both undeliverable and unreturnable, and unclaimed within the
time limit stipulated by the competent department of postal services under
the State Council, shall be destroyed on the authority of regional
administrative organs of postal services. Incoming international postal
articles that are undeliverable and unreturnable, and unclaimed within the
time limit stipulated by the competent department of postal offices under
the State Council, shall be handled by the Customs in accordance with the
law. Disposal measures for other undeliverable and unreturnable postal
materials shall be formulated by the competent department of postal
services under the State Council.
Article 24
The remittees of postal remittances shall cash the postal remittances with
valid documents at postal enterprises or branch offices within two months
of receiving notice of a postal remittance. Remittances unclaimed when the
time period expires shall be returned to the remitters by postal
enterprises or branch offices. Returned remittances which are unclaimed
for a period of ten months, counting from the date of delivering the
return-remittance notice to the remitter, shall be turned over to the
state treasury.
Article 25
In posting and delivering postal materials, postal codes shall be adopted
gradually, and specific pertinent measures shall be formulated by the
competent department of postal services under the State Council.

Chapter V Transportation, Customs Examination and Quarantine Ins- pection of Postal Materials
Article 26
Transportation units operating railways, highways, waterways and airlines
shall all have the responsibility of carrying and transporting postal
materials, and shall ensure priority to transporting postal materials at
preferential freight charges.
Article 27
When postal enterprises transfer postal materials in railway stations,
airports and ports, transportation units concerned shall make coordinated
arrangement of space and in-and-out passageways for loading and unloading
postal materials.
Article 28
Ships with special postal marks, postal vans and postal staff shall be
given priority in entering and departing ports and crossing on ferries.
Postal vehicles with special postal marks which need to pass through a
lane closed to traffic or to stop in no-parking sections of the road shall
be verified and approved by the competent department concerned for passing
or parking.
Article 29
When transported by sea, postal materials shall not be included in
arrangements for sharing common sea losses.
Article 30
Postal enterprises shall not post or deliver international postal articles
that are not examined and allowed to pass by the Customs. The Customs
shall supervise the entry and exit, opening, sealing and dispatching of
international mailbags. Postal enterprises shall inform the Customs of
their business hours in advance, and the Customs shall promptly send
officials to supervise on-the-spot checking and examination.
Article 31
Postal materials that are subject to health and quarantine inspections or
animal and plant quarantine inspections according to law shall be sorted
out and quarantined under the charge of quarantine offices; no
transportation and delivery shall be conducted by postal enterprises
without a permit from a quarantine office.

Chapter VI Compensation for Losses
Article 32
Users may present receipts and inquire, within one year counting from the
date of the posting or remitting, about vouchered postal materials and
remittances which they handed in for posting or remitting at the postal
enterprises or their branch offices that took in the postal materials or
accepted the remittances. Postal enterprises or branch offices shall
inform inquirers of the results of inquiry within the time limit set by
the competent department of postal services under the State Council.
If no result is found within the time limit for responding to the inquiry,
postal enterprises shall make compensation first or take remedial
measures. Within a year counting from the date of making such
compensation, if it is ascertained that the circumstance for which the
compensation was made conforms with either Item (2) or Item (3) of Article
34 of this Law, the postal enterprises shall have the right to recall the
compensation.
Article 33
For loss, damage, destruction or missing contents of vouchered postal
materials, postal enterprises shall make compensation or take remedial
measures according to the following stipulations:
(1) For registered mail, compensation shall be made according to standard
amounts formulated by the competent department of postal services under
the State Council.
(2) For insured postal materials which are lost or totally damaged or
destroyed, compensation shall be made according to the insurance coverage.
For missing contents or partial damage or destruction of insured postal
materials, compensation shall be made according to the actual losses of
the postal materials, based on the ratio between the insurance coverage
and the whole value of the postal materials.
(3) For uninsured postal parcels, compensation shall be made according to
the actual damage due to loss of such postal parcels, but the maximum
compensation shall not exceed the amount formulated by the competent
department of postal services under the State Council.
(4) For other types of vouchered postal materials, compensation shall be
made or remedial measures taken according to the measures provided for by
the competent department of postal services under the State Council.
Article 34
Postal enterprises shall not be held liable for compensation if one of the
following situations occurs:
(1) losses of ordinary postal materials;
(2) losses of vouchered postal materials caused by the user or due to some
characteristic of the posted articles per se;
(3) losses of vouchered postal materials, other than postal remittances
and insured postal materials, caused by force majeure; and
(4) users failing to inquire about or demand compensation at the end of
one year, counting from the date of handing in or posting the vouchered
postal materials or making the remittance.
Article 35
If disputes over compensation for losses occur between users and postal
enterprises, users may request the competent department of postal services
at higher levels to settle; users who refuse to accept the settlement
thereof may file lawsuits with the people's court; users may also file
lawsuits with the people's court directly.

Chapter VII Penalty Provisions
Article 36
Persons who infringe upon the citizens' right to freedom of correspondence
by concealing, destroying, discarding or illegally opening mail of another
person, where circumstances are serious, shall be investigated for
criminal liability according to the provisions of Article 149 of the
Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China; those whose acts are not
serious enough for criminal punishment shall be punished according to the
provisions of Article 22 of Regulations of the People's Republic of China
on Administrative Penalties for Public Security.
Article 37
Postal personnel who without permission open or conceal, destroy or
discard postal materials shall be investigated for criminal liability in
accordance with Paragraph 1 in Article 191 of the Criminal Law of the
People's Republic of China.
Those who commit the crime specified in the preceding provision and also
steal property therein shall be given a heavier punishment for the crime
of embezzlement in accordance with Paragraph 2 in Article 191 of the
Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China.
Article 38
Persons who intentionally damage or destroy public postal facilities such
as mailboxes, where such acts are not serious enough for criminal
punishment, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article
25 of Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Administrative
Penalties for Public Security; where circumstances are serious, such
persons shall be investigated for criminal liability in accordance with
the provisions of Article 156 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic
of China.
Article 39
Postal personnel who refuse to handle postal business which should be
handled according to law or who intentionally delay the delivery of postal
materials shall be given administrative disciplinary sanction. Postal
personnel who are derelict in their duties and bring about great loss to
public property and the interests of the state and the people shall be
investigated for criminal liability in accordance with the provisions of
Article 187 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China.
Article 40
Persons who, in violation of provisions of Article 8 of this Law, handle
the business of posting and delivering mail or articles with
characteristics of mail shall be ordered by industrial and commercial
administrative authorities to return the mail and other articles and the
postal fees they have obtained from the senders, and a fine shall be
imposed on them.
Parties concerned who refuse to obey the decision of punishment may bring
suit to the people's court within 15 days of receiving the penalty notice.
If parties concerned neither bring suit to the people's court nor
implement the decision before the time limit expires, the industrial and
commercial administrative authorities shall apply to the people's court
for mandatory enforcement.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 41
The meanings of the following terms used in this Law are:
(1) postal materials: referring to mail, printed matter, postal parcels,
money orders, newspapers, periodicals, etc., posted and delivered by
postal enterprises.
(2) mail: referring to letters and postcards.
(3) ordinary postal materials: referring to the postal materials that
postal enterprises and their branch offices do not issue receipts for upon
acceptance and posting, and do not request recipients to sign for on
delivery.
(4) vouchered postal materials: referring to postal materials such as
registered mail, postal parcels, insured postal materials, etc., that the
postal enterprises and their branch offices issue receipts for upon
acceptance and posting, and for which recipients are requested to sign on
delivery.
(5) international postal articles: referring to printed matter and postal
parcels posted and delivered between users of the People's Republic of
China and users of foreign countries or regions.
(6) special postal articles: referring to postal date-marks, postal tongs
for lead sealing and postal bags.
Article 42
If provisions of this Law contravene those of the international treaties
concerning international postal affairs which the People's Republic of
China has concluded or to which China is a party, the provisions of the
international treaties concerned shall prevail, with the exception of the
treaty clauses on which the People's Republic of China has declared
reservations.
Article 43
The competent department of postal services under the State Council shall,
in accordance with this Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which
shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved by the State
Council.
Article 44
This Law shall go into effect on January 1, 1987.